Design Of A Pipe Climbing Robot Engineering Essay

heading Of A Pipe Climbing Robot Engineering EssayThis technical paper explains the spirit bring and simulation of a concept vehicle to coerce within a circular subway agreement of the sought after configuration as shown in figure 1. The throw is developed to facilitate pipe climbing and stock up an direction of an inspection panel. This vehicle when operated will travel in a horizontal partitioning of pipe initi tot solelyyy, before entering the be part of the circular pipe. It and then sits within 0.2m of the inspection panel and starts inspecting it with the befriend of an on-board camera. Specific comparabilitys and assumptions argon hired to monitor vehicle drift and system controllers are designed to practice there is enough traction applied by the vehicle to grip the pipe and move forward. simulacrum 1 Pipe inspection ScenarioIndex Terms-design, elongated actuators, multi-wheel drive, proximity sensor, zombisIntroductionInspection and maintenance are essential in wholly industries. Failure to conduct proper maintenance could result in potence danger to workers and machines. Carrying out these inspections impose rigours hurdles in case of various industries where the conditions are unsafe for humanity workers, for example, inspection and maintenance in a nuclear industry, where the environment poses serious risk for the humans. The most greenness way for conducting these inspections in hazardous conditions is to implement long manipulators which could be expensive. The alternate way of carrying these inspections is by using walking/climbing zombies.Pipe climbing robots are advanced robots, which have the potential to climb inwardly/out aspect of a pipe to perform specific functions, where a normal operator cannot be used. The improvements in this sector have grown rapidly, since its a cheap and effective way for investigating various properties inside a pipe.An concession has been assigned to design a concept vehicle to d rive inside a circular pipe as in fig 1. This vehicle needs to enter the tunnel and drive to within 0.2m of the inspection panel and inspect the panel at the end of pipe. The vehicle must likewise carry a wire which is tethered.The climbing robots can be classified into four major categories found on their approach to climbing adhesive, brute rip fixture, spines and grasp. The robots with adhesive approach use a chemical appliance much(prenominal) as suction or an electromagnetic fixture on the climbing come outs. The brute force robots use a mechanism to grab on to the structure and move forward. The spine group of robots use spines/multi-spines to attach themselves to the climbing surface so as to propel forwards. The last group of grasp robots use their own dynamic and kinematic state to grasp on to the engineering structure and moves forward.The yield conceptual design can be categorized under grasping group of climbing robots. These robots consist of mainly 2 mechanism s, one to indicant the robot to move and the former(a) to grip the surface of the structure.The mechanisms used to grip on to the surface can be facilitated by the usage of spring and v-shaped beef up or longitudinal actuators. A v-shaped arm along with a compression spring is connected to the clay of the robot. The compression springs tends to expand the arms, if the outmost arm reaches the surface, it asserts a force normal to the tie-in of surface thus proving the traction for gripping the surface. In case of linear actuators various mechanisms are used to produce the linear motion of the arms to exert force onto the surface.The present design employs a linear actuator. It has longitudinal arms connected to linear actuators. The linear actuator is a simple rack-pinion mechanism, but consists of three racks to synchronise the outward motion equally in all three directions, thus providing an equal amount of force on each surface of the structure.A multi-wheel drive system is employed for the present case, as there is a need for requirement for more contortion when the robot climbs the inclination part and to reduce the shift key generated by the wheel. In the present case, the robot has 5-spot wheels and hence five individual repulses, two on the bottom of the base, one on either side of robot and one at the top of the robot. When in functioning the outer end of the wheels on all directions would be perfectly inscribed in a circle of 200cm when looked at front view. This mechanism united with linear actuators makes sure that at any instant all the wheels are in contact with the surface of the pipe thus providing maximum available traction for the robot.Robot model and modelling assumptionsIn the present concept of design the circular pipe is considered to be even and has a constant coefficient of friction end-to-end. intent the robot requires a methodological approach to implement a professional structured robot is through by generating a CAD m odel of the robot. The components of the robot are selected with maximum care with feasible materials, since abstractive tests and scenarios can be modelled based on weighting and dimension of the robot. After selection of optimum materials for robot, the design process is finished.The weight of the vehicle including the index numeral source (batteries), on-board camera and computer controller along with other drive aims and actuators will approximately be around 1.8 kg. The dimensions of the robot while in operation are 0.275m in duration, 0.2m in both width and height. The front part of the robot is designed in such a way that it gets inscribed in a circle perfectly during motion. To maintain perfect contact at all time the wheel positioning is very critical. Both the bottom wheels are abode below the base of the robot to facilitate more space for other components such as power source, camera, controllers, sensors etc. The remaining three wheels are positioned perpendicular t o each other on the actuator arm. The length of this arm can be varied using the linear actuator mechanism. In the present case this linear actuator mechanism is a simple rack-pinion mechanism. All the three arms are synchronised such that under operation the displacement of arms is equal in all directions. Four proximity sensors are used to expect the distance amid the surface of pipe and surface of the tyre. Three sensors are linked to one at each actuating arm in their respective direction. One sensor is linked to calculate the distance from surface of front tyre to the surface of the inspection panel. The three sensors on actuator arm are categorised into a single sensor unit (say sensor unit 1), while the other sensor (say sensor unit 2) is categorised separately.The categorised bill of the materials used is as followsWorking of the robotInitially when the robot is at rest, all the three linear actuating arms are in contracted position. When the system of the robot is starte d, the sensor unit 1 present on the linear actuator arms calculates the distance between wheel and surface of pipe and sends the feedback to the on-board CPU. The CPU then sends a signal to increment the step motor to one step. This whole process of increment of steps continues until the wheel touches the surface of pipe and thus exerts a small normal force to grip onto that surface. Once this process is completed, drive motors of the robot are actuated. These motors are controlled by on-board CPU with the help of feedback from the sensor unit 2. All the five motors through a supplement box connected to the wheels are powered with equal force, hence powering robot equally in all directions and sensor unit 1 ensures theres maximum grip available at the end of the actuating arms. The power to the motor is stopped once the sensor unit 2 senses the distance between the front wheels and the inspection panel is 0.2m, thus activating the camera to carry the inspection process. This whole process can be controlled using a manual operation panel or fully autonomous programmed GUI on-board. good example of vehicle dynamicsThe vehicle dynamics of the robot are established using specific equations for motion. This digest is used to determine the performance capacity and capability of the robot. It also helps to calculate the velocity, force dynamics at any exemplification of time. Before using the equations a few assumptions are considered. The drag forces exerted on the body and wire are neglected. The drive force from the wheels is considered to be a constant ideal force, where wheel slip and wheel tyre deflection are neglected. The gravitational constant and the friction coefficient considered to remain constant throughout the process.The simulation emphasises more on the vehicle motion along the entire length of pipe including the inclined part of pipe. The terminology used for the following calculaitons are as followsParameterDescriptionValuembMass of robot1.8 kgr Radius of the wheel0.03mmwmass of wire per unit length0.2 kg/mUbCoefficient of friction of body0.5UwCoeffient of friction of wire0.2GGravitational constant9.81 m/s2TsStall torque of motor0.9 kg-mWnNo load promote of motor38 rpmOAngle of inclination of pipe40oStraight pathA constant force is produced through five drive motors and is calculate as follows, where Fm is the force exerted by the motor,But the torque generated by the motor convinces with velocity of the body. Torque at any time is ween asWhere w is rotational speed at that instant of time. W can be written in terms of velocity v of the bodySince there are five motors present to power the robot, the net force exeterd by motors at any time isThe frictional force (Ffb) acting on the body due to its own weightFrictional force (Ffw) due to mass of wireWhere mw is mass of wire carried at that time and is calculated by using length l of distance travelled by the robotThe resultant force(F) resulting in forward motion of the robotAcceleration(a) of the body is given byVelocity vf of the body is given byDisplacement lf of the body is given by.Inclined pathConsider the instance at which the robot just reaches the inclined path of the pipe. The force exerted by the motor remains constant as in eq().When the robot is in inclined position weight gradient of body(Fgb) and weight gradient of wire (Fgw)opposes the motion of body. These are given asThe frictional forces acting opposite to motion also changes as followsWhere l is the total displacement along the pipeThe net force (Fi) acting on the body along the pipe isAcceleration of the body along the pipeVelocity (vi) of the robot at any instance is given byWhere vf is the velocity of the robot at the start of the inclination.Abstract-These instructions are a cast to the assignments to be submitted for Mech5090 Mechatronics and Robotics Applicationsthis section should contain a brief description of the task and outcomesThe assignment must not exceed 6 sides of A4Index Terms-About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, detached by commas.INTRODUCTIONTHIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 or later. 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